经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石在肾结石中的效果

目的 B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月-2018年9月医院收治的肾结石患者82例,按照抽签法的要求将其平均分成对照组(41例:B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声治疗)与试验组(41例:输尿管软镜治疗),分析手术时间、住院时间、出血量、结石清除率、结石的残留率。结果试验组的手术时间、住院时间、出血量。优于对照组,数据比较有差异性,P<0.05。对照组的结石清除率高于试验组、结石的残留率低于试验组,相互比较有差异性,P<0.05。结论在肾结石实际治疗期,使用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗方式。     

Combination of Percutaneous Rotational Thrombectomy and Drug-Coated Balloon for Treatment of Femoropopliteal Artery Nonembolic Occlusion: 12-Month Follow-up

PurposeTo evaluate safety and efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using the Rotarex catheter combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) in treatment of femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2016 and February 2018, 81 patients with acute or subacute femoropopliteal artery occlusions were treated with the Rotarex catheter combined with DCB. Lesions were classified according to the onset of symptoms as acutely (< 14 d) or subacutely (14 d to 3 mo) occluded. The mean lesion length was 12.1 cm ± 6.7. The primary endpoint was target lesion patency at 1 year as evaluated by duplex ultrasound (peak systolic velocity ratio < 2.4) and freedom from clinically indicated target lesion revascularization. Amputation rate, major adverse events, and ankle-brachial index at 12 months were evaluated.ResultsTechnical success rate was 100% (n = 81). Bailout stents were necessary in 14 patients owing to residual stenosis or flow-limiting dissection. Additional thrombolysis was applied in 10 interventions. No major adverse events occurred during hospital stay. There were 9 restenosis cases during the 12-month follow-up period. Primary patency rate was 87.3% (62/71), and freedom from target lesion revascularization rate was 90.1% (64/71). Ankle-brachial index significantly increased from 0.46 ± 0.15 to 0.77 ± 0.14 during follow-up. The amputation rate was 1.4% at 12 months.ConclusionsThese initial data from 2 centers suggest that the combination of the Rotarex catheter and DCB may be safe and effective for treatment of acute or subacute thrombotic femoropopliteal occlusion with superior immediate and midterm results achieved.     

Dramatic improvement in innominate artery compression syndrome with only postural changes in a bedridden elderly patient

We present the case of a bedridden elderly patient who demonstrated dramatic improvement in innominate artery compression syndrome with postural changes alone. A 94-year-old woman presented with dyspnea. Physical findings revealed stridor in the right-sided decubitus position. Her symptoms did not improve with conventional asthma treatment. Plain computed tomography revealed tracheal compression by the bent innominate artery. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography with postural changes altered the compression sites of the organs, resolving the tracheal stenosis. The number of similar bedridden elderly patients will increase in an aging society. We report this case to aid physicians in managing such patients.     

冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证中医证候量表评价研究

[目的]探索冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证患者、气阴两虚证患者与健康人中医证候评价量表异同。[方法]通过多中心、小样本、精细化临床研究,纳入7家临床单位124例受试者,因未完成访视脱失7例,最终纳入受试者117例,其中冠心病痰瘀互结证患者38例,在西医常规治疗的基础上加服丹蒌片治疗,气阴两虚证患者39例,在西医常规治疗的基础上加服通脉养心丸治疗,健康人40例不予干预。比较冠心病患者0、4、8、12周、健康人第0周《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》评分情况。[结果] 1)冠心病痰瘀互结证患者第4、8、12周时,各症状评分及舌下脉络青紫情况较0周不同程度降低(P0.05或P0.01)。2)冠心病气阴两虚证患者第4、8、12周时,各症状评分较0周有所下降(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与健康人比较,冠心病痰瘀互结证患者各项评分具有统计学差异(P0.01),冠心病气阴两虚证患者各症状评分及舌质紫暗、舌下脉络青紫、脉弦、脉涩情况具有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01),冠心病两组患者各时点比较,部分指标及舌脉情况存在不同程度差异。4)冠心病痰瘀互结证患者0、8周时,身重、口黏腻、苔腻、脉滑、舌有瘀斑瘀点聚为一类,脉弦、舌质紫暗、舌下脉络青紫、脉涩、口唇青紫、面色晦暗聚为一类;冠心病气阴两虚证患者0、8周时,胸闷、胸痛、身重、口黏腻、口唇青紫、面色晦暗聚为一类,舌有瘀斑瘀点、舌质紫暗、脉涩聚为一类。[结论]冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证与气阴两虚证患者经治疗后,《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》中相关症状表现均有所改善,且不同证型的表现不同。《冠心病痰瘀互结证中医证候评价量表》可以为进一步临床诊断冠心病稳定型心绞痛痰瘀互结证提供一定参考。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Silent Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

ObjectivesCerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which can be detected by gradient-echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), represent small chronic brain hemorrhages caused by structural abnormalities in cerebral small vessels. CMBs are known to be a potential predictor of future stroke, and are associated with age, various cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and the use of antithrombotic drugs. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at potentially high risk of CMBs due to the presence of coexistent conditions. However, little is known about CMBs in patients with CAD. We aimed to identify the factors associated with the presence of CMBs among patients with CAD.MethodsWe evaluated 356 consecutive patients [mean age, 72 ± 10 years; men = 276 (78%)] with angiographically proven CAD who underwent T2*-weighted brain MRI. The brain MRI was assessed by researchers blinded to the patients’ clinical details.ResultsCMBs were found in 128 (36%) patients. Among 356 patients, 119 (33%) had previously undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 26 (7%) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). There was no significant relationship between CMBs and sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation therapy, antiplatelet therapy, or prior PCI. CMBs were significantly associated with advanced age, previous CABG, eGFR, non-HDL cholesterol, carotid artery disease, long-term antiplatelet therapy, and long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using univariate logistic regression analysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long-term antiplatelet therapy (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.06 – 2.84; P = 0.03) or long-term DAPT (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.39 – 6.17; P = 0.004) was significantly associated with CMBs after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsCMBs were frequently observed in patients with CAD and were significantly associated with long-term antiplatelet therapy, especially long-term DAPT.     

唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折：提高骨密度、预防椎体再骨折、远期疗效评价的Meta分析

文题释义：椎体后凸成形：采用椎体内置入气囊的方法通过扩张使椎体复位，在椎体内部形成空隙，减小骨水泥注入所需的推力，使骨水泥在椎体内不易流动，可有效解除或缓解疼痛、恢复病椎高度，但临床发现仍存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。 唑来膦酸：椎体后凸成形已被广泛应用于骨质疏松性压缩骨折的治疗，临床疗效显著，然而如何有效改善骨质疏松状况成为临床面临的重要问题。唑来膦酸是双膦酸盐类药物，可有效抑制骨吸收，降低再发骨折风险，改善骨折患者的功能评分。 背景：临床应用唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松症缺乏系统的科学评价和循证学依据，因此目前对于唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效尚无明确定论。 目的：系统评价唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。 方法：应用计算机检索公开发表在CNKI、万方、维普等中文数据库及CBM、PubMed、Cochrane等英文数据库中，有关唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验，试验组治疗方式为唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形，对照组治疗方式为椎体后凸成形，时间截止至2019年9月。由2位研究员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取，按Cochrane协作网标准对纳入随机对照试验逐个进行质量评价，采用RevMan 5.3软件对符合纳入标准的研究进行统计分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入5篇文献，均为随机对照研究，试验组患者175例，对照组患者184例；②统计分析结果显示：试验组治疗后12个月的骨密度高于对照组[MD=0.12，95%CI(0.08，0.17)，P < 0.000 01]，治疗后6，12个月的目测类比评分低于对照组[MD=0.46，95%CI(0.18，0.75)，P=0.002；MD=0.85，95%CI(0.20，1.50)，P=0.01]，治疗后1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数评分低于对照组[MD=6.59，95%CI(4.77，8.41)，P < 0.000 01]，骨水泥渗漏率、椎体骨折再发率低于对照组[OR=0.22，95%CI(0.08，0.59)，P=0.003；OR=0.18，95%CI(0.07，0.50)，P=0.000 8]；两组椎体高度恢复、椎体后凸Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义[MD=0.65，95%CI(-0.27，1.56)，P=0.16；MD=-0.60，95%CI(-2.45，1.25)，P=0.53]；③结果表明与单独应用椎体后凸成形相比，唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形在提高骨密度值、减少椎体骨折再发率、改善患者远期临床症状、预防骨水泥骨水泥渗漏等并发症方面具有显著优势，但后期仍需大量高质量的多中心随机对照研究提供更充足的证据。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8871-3539(李凯明) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

双层探测器光谱CT在心脏成像中的应用进展

双层探测器光谱CT(SDCT)具有上下两层空间对等的探测器结构,使高、低能2套数据在原始数据域空间即被解析,可用于重建反映康普顿效应和光电效应不同组成的能谱图像,并可合并重建完全等同于普通CT所具有的常规多能图像。SDCT的能谱数据具有同时、同源、同向特征,提升了其在心脏成像中的应用价值。本文对SDCT在改善冠状动脉CTA图像质量、“双低”成像、显示斑块及支架以及心肌灌注方面的应用价值进行综述。